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o'u kl/jt{gsf] qmddf 5, ;To xf] . ;do kl/jt{gzLn x'G5, ;To xf] . t/ ;do;Fu} dfgljo ;+j]bgfdf kl/jt{g cfpFg ;Sb}g . ;don] ;dfhnfO{ kl/jt{g t unf{ t/ ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0f ug{ t dflg;sf] ;f]r zlQmdf k"/} kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg'k5{ / dfq ;dfhsf] kl/jt{g x'g;S5 . ut jif{ ebf} ( ut] s]xL /fli6«o b}lgssf s'gfx?af6 lj/f6gu/sL *$ alif{o j[4f cfdf cfzfb]jL nfdf ;dfhdf /x]sf ljBdfg s';+:sf/x? lzsf/ eP/ j[4 ufnfx? /ft} agfP/ ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf nflu cfu|x ul//x]sL lyOg . To:t} >fj0f dlxgfsf] Ps c+sdf bf/]rf]s lrtjgsL *) alif{o lbndfof v8\sf p:t} cj:yfdf ;dfhsf] kl/jt{gsf] nflu cfu|x ul//x]sL lyOg . oL t eP k"/fgf s'/f ev{/} dfq h'ljyf sflnsf]6sf dfglj/ ;'gf/sf] r'nf] 5f]Ps} lgx'Fdf xTof eof], ufu|L 5f]Psf] eGb} 3fF;Ls'jf gfxfnf tgx'Fdf dfof ljsnfO{ ufu|L 5f]Psf] lgx'Fdf lg3f{t lkl6of] . ho;} jif{ dfq af/fsL ^) jlif{o k"mndem/L ofbjnfO{ af]S;L s} lgx'Fdf lg3f{t lkl6of] . TolQ dfq sxfF xf] b]zs} /fhwfgLdf cfkmGt}af6 af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf lk6fO;lxt cfFvf u'dfOg\ ;'lgtf k'8f;}gLn] . xfd|f] ;dfhdf kl/jt{g cfPsf] k6s} 5}g a? ;dfhdf dWoo'lug ;+:sf/ emg emg ljsf; x'Fb} uPsf] :ki6 b]lvG5, dfglj/sf] xTof,  cfzfb]jL, lbndfof , dfofsf cGt/ lk8fn], k"mnem/Lsf] oftgf / ;'lgtfsf] cfFvf u'dfOn] . dfglj/, dfof lj=s=, cfzfb]jL,  lbndfof, k"mnem/L tyf ;'lgtf ;dfhsf cToGt} u/Lj kl/jf/sf ;b:o x'g\ / pxfFx?nfO{ oftgf lbg] rfFxL ;dfhsf] kl/jt{g rfxfg] @)–%) sf o'jf ;d'bfo x'g\ . jf:tjdf ;dfh kl/jt{g ug{ log} o'jfx?sf] cfjZostf 5 . *) sfl6;s]sfx?n] t ;dfhsf] kl/jt{g rflx;s] eg] o'jfx?n] ;fdflhs s';+:sf/x?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbP/ s;/L ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0f x'G5 < oL cfdfx?sf lk8fx?n] o:t} k|Zg hGdfPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf nflu sDd/ s;]sf 5f}+ eGg] g]kfnsf /fhg}lts kf6L{sf nflu Pp6f ultnf] emfk8 nfu]sf] 5 oL 36gfx?n] .

lj/f6gu/sf] Ps s'gfdf a:g] cfzfb]jL Pp6f ;j{;fwf/0f kl/jf/sL ;b:o x'g\ . ljxfg a]n'sfsf] 5fs 6fg{ agLa'tf] ug'{kg]{ ;fdfGo kl/jf/sL j[4f cfdf ut jif{ ebf} * ut] cfˆg} e'mk8Ldf lgjf{w lkl6Og\ . sf/0f af]S;Lsf] cleof]u nufOof] pgLdfly . *$ aif{sf] czQm z/L/ ToxL dfly pgnfO{ tLgtLg hgfn] lgjf{w lk6] a"9f}nLsf uGg ;lsg] zL/sf skfn pv]lnP / rfpl/Psf] j[4f ufnf /ut hd]/ /ftf eP . *) aif{sL bf/]rf]s lrtjgsL lbndfofdfly klg p:t} cf/f]k nfUof] af]S;L . pgL dfly klg p:t} lk6fO eof] . @& jlif{of tgx'sL dfof ljsnfO{ cfˆg} 3/ wgLn] lg3f{t lk6] . pgsf 3fF6L, 6fpsf] / kfv'/fdf 7"nf 7"nf rf]6 af]s]/ xfn c:ktfndf ;dfhsf] rlr{snf x]l//x]sL 5g\ . pg dflysf] cf/f]k lyof] blnt eP/ pkNnf] hftsf] kfgL 5f]Psf] . sfnLsf]6sf dfglj/ ;'gf/nfO{ rfFxL :yfgLo zfxL vfgbfgn] o; ;+;f/af6} cGTo u/fOlbP . cf/f]k lyof] 7"nf] hftsf dfG5]sf] r'nf] 5f]OlbPsf] . af/fsL k"mnem/Lsf] b'Mv nfUbf] 5}g pgn] :yfgLonfO{ aff]S;L ag]/ oftgf lbO/x]sL 5g\ /] . clg ;'lgtfn] af]S;L ePs} sf/0f aRrf hGdfpg ;lsgg\ /] . ;'lgtfsf cfFvf k'm6fOP . ;dfhdf cfˆg} ;xf]b/x? pgLdfly vlgP . crDd t o;df 5 oqf] !) aif{;Dd dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf nflu cfGbf]ng u/]. t/ ;dfh h:tfsf] t:t}, dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngsf] pe{/e"ld s0ff{nLdf klg ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf nflu l;Gsf] klg efFlrPsf] 5}g . s0f{nL t s] /fhwfgL g} cfw'lgs ;dfhdf ?kfGt/0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .  j[4fx?sf cfFvfaf6 em/]sf clj/n cf;'sf e]nx?n] k"/} g]kfnsf] l;rfO ul/;Sbf klg af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf g]kfnL cfdfx? lkl6g 5f]8]sf 5}gg\, blntsf gfddf lkl6g 5f8]sf 5}gg\ .  cfzfb]jL h:tf w]/} cfdfx? 5g\ hf] ;dfhdf lagf s;'/sf] nfG5gf nufP/ lkl6Psf, d/0fLb]jLb]lv cfzfb]jL / dfglj/ b]lv dfof ljs tyf ;'lgtf k'8f;}gL;Dd cfOk'Ubf ;dfhsf w]/} cfdfx?n] af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf lk6fO vfO;s]sf 5g\ clg blntsf] gfd Hofg u'dfPsf 5g\ lk6fO vfPsf 5g\  . lsg lkl6G5g\ cfdfx? < z/L/n] ;+;f/nfO{ 5f]8\g} cfF6]sf oL g]kfnL cfdfx?nfO{ af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k nufpFb} lk6\b} hfFbf slt ;fdflhs kl/jt{g x'G5 < lsg lkl6G5g\ blntx? < blnt x'g'g} pkNnf] hftsf dfG5x?sf] lk6fO vfgsf nflu xf] < vf]O ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f < vf]O hflto d'lQmsf] gf/f < vf]O ;dfgtf <

;dfhdf /x]sf ljBdfg ?l9jfbL k/Dk/fx?nfO{ ;dfhn] cem} klg lrg{ ;s]sf] 5}g . cfk}mleqsf] af]S;L dfgl;stfn] cfzfb]jLx?nfO{ ;dfhsf JolQmx?n] s'6\g 5f]8]sf 5}gg\ . xfdLaLrdf x's]{sf] hflto efjgfn] xfdLnfO{ d'Qm u/fpg ;s]sf] 5}g .  xfdL o'usf] kl/jt{g;Fu} Ps o'uaf6 csf]{ o'udf cfOk'lu;s]sf 5f}+ . w"jfFbf/ e'mk8Lsf] efG5faf6 dfly p7]/ cGtl/If /]i6'/fdf cGtl/Ifsf] cjnf]sg ub}{ vfgf vfg] cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf 5f} . t/ cfk}mleqsf] af]S;L dfgl;stfnfO{ Tofu]/ ;dfhsf] ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf nflu oBlk tof/ ePsf 5}gf}+ . hflto e]befjaf6 dfly p7]/ ;dfhdf ;dfgtfsf] efjgf km}nfpg ;s]sf 5}gf}+ . cfzfb]jL ;'lgtf t af]S;L x'Fb} xf]Ogg\ af]S;L t ltgLx? x'g\ h;sf] dfgl;stfdf dfgljo gftf ;d]t 5}g . af]S;L t ltgLx? x'g\ hf] ;dfhdf dflg; dflg;sfaLrdf jlu{o ljefhgsf] vfsf sf]g{df g} cfˆgf] ;do vlr{G5 . clg af]S;L t ltgLx? x'g\ h;n] ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0f ug{ slxNo} rfx]sf] x'Fb}g . dfglj/ / dfof ljs t blnt x'Fb} xf]Ogg\ . blnt t ltgLx? X'g hf] dfgljo gftf / o'usf] ;d]t Vofn ug{ ;Sb}gg\ .

;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0f / kl/jt{g z/L/sf sk8f 5f]6f] kfbf{ x'g] xf]Og gls v'Nnf 7fpFdf uP/ efif0f ub}{df x'G5 . ;dfhdf a;]/ ;dfhsf dfG5]x?sf] OHht ug{ ghfGg] JolQm ;dfhsf] kl/jt{gsf nflu slxNo} klg OdfGbf/ x'Fb}g . To;}n] c? czQm cfdfx?nfO{ cfk"mleqsf] af]S;Lsf] dfgl;stf vGofP/ ;dfhdf cfˆgf] k|e'Tj hdfpg] hf] JolQm 5 ;dfhsf] af]S;L eg]sf] pg} xf] h;sf] af]S;LTj dfgl;stfnfO{ ;dfhn] kl/jt{gdf nfg cem} klg ;s]sf] 5}g .  dflg; dflg;sf aLrdf hflto /]vf sf]/]/ jlu{o efjgfsf] ljsf; u/fpg] blntx?af6 ;dfhsf] kl/jt{g ;Dej 5}g . ltg} blntx? ;a} kf6L{x?df pkNnf] hftsf] gf/f af]s]/ blnt c?nfO{ eGb} ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf gf/f p/f{b}5g\ . ltg} c5'taf6 ;dfh lxhf]sf] h:t} h:tfsf] t:t} 5 .  

^) sf] bzs sfl6;s]sf Psn dlxnfx? cfh af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf lbgsf lbg lkl6b} cfPsf 5g\ . sd pd]/sf dlxnfx?nfO{ af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k xQkQ nufOb}g . ;dfhdf PSnf ag]sf lgwf{ dlxnfx? ;fdflhs ckx]ngfsf lzsf/ aG5g\ eg] af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf lkl6G5g\ . ;dfhn] PSnfx?nfO{ cf>o lbg'sf] ;f6f] pN6f] oftgf lb+b} cfPsf] 5 . To;}n] o'un] kl/jt{g rfx] klg ;dfhn] o'u cg';f/sf] kl/jt{g lbg rfx]sf] 5}g . ;dfhsf] kl/jt{gsf lhDdf lnPsf JolQmx?af6} af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k nufpFb} Psn dlxnfx?nfO{ lk6\b} hfFbf / ;dfhsf u/Lj slyt tNnf] hft egfpb} cfPsf JolQmx?nf{ blnt eGb} hfFbf v} s;/L ;fdflhs kl/jt{g cfpF5 < crDd rfFxL s] 5 eg] ;dfhsf Psn j[4 dlxnfx?nfO{ af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k nufpFb} lk6\g]x? rfFxL ;dfhs} @)–%) sf dlxnfx? g} /x]sf] kfOG5 . cfzfb]jLnfO{ lk6\g] klg c? sf]xL geP/ ToxL ;dfhsL k|efb]jL nfdf x'g\ . dfglj/nfO{ xTof ug]{ klg pxL ;dfhsf slyt pkNnf] hft elgg] dfgaxfb'/ zfxL / bLks zfxL x'g\ eg] dfof ljsnfO{ lg3f{t lk6\g] klg pxL ;dfhsf clrts'df/ >]i7 / cf/wgf >]i7 x'g clg ;'lgtfnfO{ lk6\g] klg c? sf]xL geP/ pgs} ;xf]b/ efO alxgL 1fg]Gb| tyf vf]ds'df/L x'g\ . bf/]rf]s lrtjgsL lbndfof v8\sfnfO{ af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k nufP/ d/0ff;Gg cj:yf eO~h]n lk6] kl5 pxL ;dfhn] Ps nfv @% xhf/ ;xof]u ;lxt bf];Nnf cf]9fP/ ;Ddfg t uof]{ . dfglj/sf] xTof kl5 ePsf] rsf]{ lj/f]wn] dfglj/sf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] !) nfvsf] zfxL kl/jf/nfO{ pkxf/;lxt lkl8tnfO{ Ifltk"lt{n] ;/sf/n] lg0f{o t u¥of] clg dfof ljsnfO{ lk6\g]nfO{ sf/jfxL ug]{ ;/sf/n] t eGof] xf]nf pgLx?n] Tof] ;dfhnfO{ cfd dfkmL klg lbP xf]nfg\ t/ pgLx?sf] dg leqsf] lk8f TolQ~h]n lhpFb} /x]g]5 ha;Dd pgLx? o; ;+;f/df ;dflhs kl/jt{gsf] qmd x]l//xg]5g\ . lj/f6gu/sL cfzfb]jLnfO{ klg ;Ddfg ;lxt Ifltk"lt{ t lbOPnf t/ pgn] eGg] u/]sf] k|;+unfO{ eg] ;dfhn] slxn] pQ/ b]nf clg ;'lgtfnfO{ klg ;/sf/ pkrf/ t ul/b]nf t/ pgL h:t} ;dfhdf af]S;Lsf] gfddf lkl6g] dlxnfx?nfO{ slxn] d'lQm lbg] xf] . dnfO{ nfU5 olb pgnfO{ ;dfhn] ;Ddfg u¥of] eg] pgLx?n] olt dfq eGg] 5g\ –xfdL dfkmL t lbpFnf t/ of] qmd slxn];Dd /lx/xg] < of] k|Zgsf] pQ/ ;dfhn] slxn] b]nf / slxn]b]lv Psn j[4f cfdfx?n] eo/lxt jftfj/0fdf afFRg] < blntsf] cf/f]kdf slt~h]n lk6fO vfO/xg] < xfdLn] slxn];Dd gofF o'usf] b}nfdf] cfdfsf] cfF;' x]l//xg] < hj;Dd ;dfhn] o;sf] pQ/ vf]Hb}g ta;Dd ;dfhdf cfdfx? af]S;L / blntsf] cf/f]kdf lkl6g 5f]8\g] 5}gg\ .

/fhgLlts kl/jt{g hlQsf] ;xh 5}g ;fdflhs kl/jt{g . ;dfhdf /x]sf k/Dk/fjfbL ;f]rnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{ w]/} hl6n 5 . dWo o'ub]lv ;dfhdf h/f uf8]/ a;]sf ;fdflhs s';+:sf/x?nfO{ kl/jt{g u/fpg TolQ ;lhnf] klg 5}g . km]l/ hj ;Dd k/Dk/fjfbL ;f]rdf kl/jt{g cfpFb}g ta;Dd ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0f klg x'g ;Sb}g . /fhgLlts r]tgf hufpg hlt ;lhnf] 5 t/ TolQ g} sl7g 5 ;fdflhs r]tgf hufpg . cfk;L ;Ddfgsf] efjgfsf] ljsf; hj;Dd x'Fb} ta;Dd ;dfhdf ljBdfg /x]sf] jlu{o rl/qn] 7fpF lnO/xG5 . ha;Dd jlu{o rl/qsf] xfjL /xG5 o:tf cf/f]k k|Tof/f]ksf] qmd klg /f]lsb}g . olb of] qmd /f]lsPg eg] cfzfb]jLx? cem} klg lkl6g jfWo x'g]5g / dfglj/x? dg{ jfWo x'g]5g\ . /fhgLltnfO{ rfx]sf] cg'?k n}hfg hlt ;lhnf] 5 TolQmg} ufx|f] x'G5 ;dflhs kl/jt{g u/fpg . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df t emg ;dfhsf] kl/jg{g ug{ w]/} g} ufx|f] 5 . dWo o'ub]lv g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ ;'Dk]sf ;fdflhs ;+ls0f{tfnfO{ TolQ ;lhn} lr/]/ cufl8 hfg ufx|f] 5 . hj ;Dd cfd ;dfhsf gful/sx?df kl/jt{gsf] efjgf hfUb}g ta;Dd Tof] c;Dejk|fo 5 . ;fdflhs kl/jt{g Pp6fn] ubf{ x'g] ljifo xf]Og o;df t ;dfhsf ;a} ;b:osf] plQs} xft /x]sf] x'G5 . g]kfnL ;dfhdf blaP/ /x]sf] ?9LjfbL ;f]rn] cj;/ kfpg] ljlQs} Jojxfl/s hLjgdf k|j]z ul/xfN5 . To;}n] klg /fhgLlts kl/jt{g h:tf] ;xh eg] x'Gg ;fdflhs kl/jt{g .

of] u0ftGqsf] b}nfdf cfdfx?sf] cfF;' b]Vg' eg]sf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf nflu sd r'gf}tL eg] xf]Og . xf]nf o; ;dfhn] pgLx? ;dIf dfkmL dfu]/ Pp6f sk8fn] z/L/ 5f]lklbP/ cvaf/sf kfgfx?df bf];Nnf cf]8fPsf] blnt t k:s]nf t/ cfdfx?sf dgleq k'u]sf] rf]6nfO{ sbfkL klg 5f]Kg ;Sg] 5}g . xf]nf cfdfx?n] dfkmL t lbg'xf]nf t/ cfdfx?sf] cGt/cfTdfn] dfu]sf] pQ/ ;dfhn] lbg ;Sb}g . of] qmd lxhf] cfzfb]jL / d/0fLb]jL lkl6bf klg lyof], c:tL ;/:jtLnfO{ lk6\bf klg lyof] / cfh dfof ljsnfO{ lk6\bf, dfglj/ ;'gf/nfO{ dfbf{  / ;'lgtf k'8f;}gLsf] cfFvf k'm6fpbf klg /lx/x]sf] 5 . /, ef]nL c? b]jLx? lkl6bf / c? lj/x? dfl/bf klg /lx/xg] 5 . v} slxn] x'G5 ;fdflhs kl/jt{g <

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d':tfª lhNnfsf] rf/fª uflj;df hlGdP/ xfn ;fwf/0f ufO{ kfns ls;fgaf6 cfˆgf] kl/ro vf]Hb} u/]sf ls;fg x'g\ nf]S;] . ef/sf] b]x/fb'gaf6 af}4 bz{gdf :gftsf]Q/ u/]sf nfdfn] ljZjsf w]/} b]zsf] e|d0f u/]sf 5g\ . yfONof08, tfOjfg, hd{gL, hfkfg, cd]l/sf h:tf b]zsf] e|d0f kZrft tyf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf * aif{;Dd af}4 bz{gsf] cWofkg kZrft :jb]zdf kmls{P/ ;fwf/0f ufO{ kfng k]zfdf nfu] nfdf . pgsf] dgn] ljZjsf s'g} ;'v;onnfO{ l:jsfg{ ;s]g . cGttM sf7df08f}+ kmls{P/ /fhwfgL glhs}sf] /ftfdf6]df Joj;flos ?kdf ufO{kfng Joj;fo z'? ug{ k'u] . hxfFaf6 pgn] hLjgs} ;a}eGbf ;Gt'li6sf] cg'e'lt u/] . pgL;Fusf] e]6df cfˆgf s'/f JoQm ug]{qmddf oL s'/f eg]sf lyP . x'g t pgsf] slt kl/jf/ cd]l/s}df 5 . t/ pgn] Tof] ;a}nfO{ Tofu]/ :jb]zdf g} s]x Lug]{ ljrf/ u/] . ltAatL efiff / c+u|hL efiffdf kf]Vt nfdf g]kfnL efifdf cfk"mnfO{ sdhf]/ 7fG5g\ . pgL;Fusf] e]6df pgn] eg]– k]zfn] dfG5]nfO{ ;fgf] 7"nf] agfpFb}g, kl/>0f / ldx]gtn] dxfg agfp5 . ufO{nfO{ bfgf v'jfO/x]sf nfdfn] 78\of}nf] kf/fn] eg]– d uf]a/} uf]a/ nfu]sf] kmf]xf]/L h:tf] b]lvP klg d cfk"mnfO{ ;fgf] 7flGbg . ufO{sf] uf]a/ z/L/df nfUb}df dfG5] ;fgf] x'Fb}g . ljrf/ 7"nf] /fv]/ sfd u/]df ;w}+ 7"nf] x'g\ ;lsG5 . cfh d !% j6f ufO{ kfn]/ of] Joj;fo ul//x]sf] 5' . cfh d olt ;Gt'i6 5' . hlt ;Gt'i6 d dfl;s # 8n/ tna lnP/ cd]l/sfdf k7fpbf lyOg .

nf]S;]n] /ftfdf6]df !% /f]kgL hUuf !% jif{sf nflu jflif{s ^) xhf/ ltg]{ zt{df ef8fdf lnP/ ufO{kfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . k|To]s jif{ pgsf] ef8f !) k|ltztn] jl4 ub}{ nfUg' kg]{ zt{ 5 . ToxL !% /f]kgL hUufdf xfn !% dfp ufO{ kfn]/ cfˆgf] k]zf ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . eljiodf !)) j6f ufO{ kfNg] nIo /fv]sf] atfpg] nfdfn] h;L{ tyf xf]ln:6\of08 ufO{ kfn]sf 5g\ . k|lt ufO{ a9Ldf &) xhf/ / slddf $) xhf/ nufP/ lsg]sf] pgL atfpg\ . log} ufO{af6 gZn ;'wf/ ub}{ n}hfg] pgsf] ;f]rfO /x]sf] 5 .  

!) jif{sf] pd]/df 3/af6 s]xL glnO cfPsf] atfpg] nfdfn] u'Dafdf a;]/ af}4 bz{gsf] cWoog u/]sf] atfp5g\ . pgn] b]x/fb'gl:yt Ps af}4 u'Dafaf6 :gftsf]Q/ u/]+ pg]n] atfP . af}4 wd{ / lxGb" wd{df ufO{sf] ljz]if dxTj /x]sf] x'gfn] ufO{ kfng Joj;fo cfˆgf] ?rLsf] Joj;fo /x]sf] pgsf] 7DofO 5 . clxn] b}lgs *) b]lv () ln6/ b"w laqmL ub}{ cfPsf nfdfsf] b"w af}4 u'Dafx?df hfg] u/]sf] atfP . k|lt ln6/ ^) ?k}ofFdf b"w laqmL ub}{ cfPsf nfdfn] z'4 b"w laqmL ub}{ cfPsf] atfP . b"wdf ld;fj6 u/]/ laqmL ug{ t d]/f] wd{ / bz{gn] klg lb+b}g . t;y{ d]/f] nufgLsf] cg'kftdf z'4 b"w ^) ?k}ofF k|lt ln6/ x'g' s'g} cgf}7f] s'/f xf]Og pgL eG5g\ .

b"wsf] dfu c;fWo} a9L 5 t/ dfu cg';f/sf] b"w pTkfbg ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g pgL eG5g\ . :joDe" If]qsf w]/} u'Dafx?n] b}lgs %) b]lv ^) ln6/ b"w dfU5g\ t/ d;Fu hDdf *)÷() ln6/ b"w x'G5 . To;}n] dfu cg';f/sf] b"w pTkfbg ug{ w]/} ;do nfUg] pgsf] a'emfO 5 . xfdLdf Pp6f sdhf]/L 5, xfdL pTkfbg g} gu/L ahf/ vf]H5f}+, clg ahf/ 5}g eg]/ lg/f; x'G5f}+ . jf:tjdf To;f] xf]Og . klxnf pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg'k5{ / dfq ahf/ kfOG5 . pTkfbg eGbf 7"nf] ahf/ xf]Og . b"w s} s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] klg cfh sf7df08f}+ b"wsf] cefj g} 5 . oxfF b"w 8]/Lx? Tyf ls;fgx?n] k|ToIf b"w laqmL ub}{ cfP klg b"w ;a}sf nflu pkof]uL x'g] x'gfn] o;sf] dfu ;w}+ /lx/xg] pgsf] 7DofO 5 .

hfFul/nf nfdf l;tfkfOnf d} 3/ eP klg cfk"mn] ef8fdf lnPsf] hUuf;Fu} ufO{ uf]7df agfPsf] ;fgf] 6x/f]df a:5g\ . ToxL 6x/f]df of]u ;fwgf u5{g\ . ufO{nfO{ ksfPsf] bfgfeGbf s]xL /fd|f] vfgf vfG5g\ . pgL eG5g\ jf:tjdf dfG5] c;fWo} :jfyL{ hft xf] ufO{nfO{ ksfPsf] vfgf bfgf cfk"msf nflu of]Uo x'b}g eG5g\ t/ d t slxn] sfFxL ToxL bfgf vfG5' . ;fFRr} /dfOnf nfdf af}4 bz{gnfO{ e'Ng rfxfb}gg\ . df5f df;' hfF8 /S;L r'/f]6 la+8L ;a}af6 sf]iff}+ 6f8f /x]sf nfdf clx+zf k/df] bw/d\  eGg] a'4sf] dxfg jf0fLnfO{ kfngf ug{ rfxfG5g\ . ToxL eP/ pgn] ufO{ kfng Joj;fo /f]h] . xTof u/]/ t'?Gt} vfg] hgfj/sf] Joj;fo ug{ rfxfb}gg\ nfdf . pgsf] bz{gn] To;f] ug{ lbb}g /] .

xfn $ hgf dflg;nfO{ k|ToIf /f]huf/L lb+b} cfPsf nfdfn] !% j6} ufO{ kfNbf klg dfl;s #) b]lv #% xhf/ -;Dk"0f{ vr{ s6fP/_ jrt ug{ ;ls/x]sf] s'/f v'nf;f u5{g\ . ljb]zdf a:bf klg ufO{kfns Joj;foL;Fu af/Daf/ e]63f6 u/L o; Joj;fok|lt e'sfj /fVb} cfPsf]sf] x'gfn] cfh s'g} cK7\of/f] gePsf] atfp5g\ . sfd ug{ nfh dfGg]n] s'g} s'/fsf] klg sfd k'/f ug{ ;Sb}g pgsf] k|i6 ljrf/ 5 . ufO{sf] z'4 b"wdf ld;fj6 u/]/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ 7Ug] dfG5]nfO{ pgL b'i6 Jojxf/ eG5g\ . pgsf] ljrf/df nfut cg';f/sf] d"No ln+bf x'G5 . t/ ld;fj6 / sd;nsf agfP/ pkef]Qmf 7Ug' dxfkfk xf] eG5g\ pgL .

pgsf] Joj;fo cfh gd"gfsf] ?kdf km:6fO/x]sf] 5 . To; e]usf ls;fgx?nfO{ klg pgsf] Joj;fon] s]x Lug]{ hfFu/ yKb} nu]sf] 5 . ca pgL ToxL ufO{sf] dn k|of]u u/]/ c1f{lgs t/sf/L v]tL ug{ uO/x]sf 5g\ . lxhf] cfh ahf/df cToflws ljifbL / /;folgs dn k|of]u pTkfbg ul/Psf t/sf/Lsf sf/0f /f]ux? A9\b} hfg yfn]sf]n] b'lvt 5g\ . To;}n] ;a} 7fpFdf g;s] klg s]xL u'Dafdf pgn] c1f{lgs t/sf/L lbg] ;f]r /fv]sf 5g\ . ToxL ;f]r cg'?k pgn] v]tL klg z'? u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf] ;f]rfO k"/f xf];\ ;a}n] geP klg u'Dafdf a;]/ bz{gsf] cWoog ug]{ nfdfx?n] eP klg ljifbLd'Qm t/sf/L / z'4 b"w vfg kfpg\ . pgdf ePsf] hfFu/ ;a}df a9\b} hfjf];\ olt g} sfdgf .

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Onfdsf ls;fgx? Ps eGbf a9L k|sf/sf gub] jfnLsf] v]tL u5{g\ h;af6 pgLx?n] dgUu] cfDbfgL klg lng] u5{g\ . otf kfn'ª l6i6'ªsf ls;fgx?sf] klg s[lif k]zf To;/L g} rNb} cfPsf] 5 . Pp6f eGbf a9L k|sf/sf v]tL ckgfOP a9L eGbf a9L cfDbfgL klg lng ;lsG5 tyf ;w}+ k'm;{lbnf] eP/ klg a:g' kb}{g . lrtjgdf uP/ x]¥of] eg] klg ls;fgx?n] jx' s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{ g} ckgfPsf] kfOG5 . 7fpF / cj:yf x]/]/ o:tf If]qx?df w]/} k|sf/sf v]tLx? nufOg] ul/G5 .  o;/L w]/} k|sf/sf v]tLx?n] clwstd\ cfDbfgL lbPsf] pgLx? atfp5g\ .

Onfddf lrof, cn}rL, b"w, cld|;f], cfn' cb'jf, csa/] v';f{gL nufot cGo t/sf/L v]tL ul/G5 . h;af6 ls;fgx?n] cfDbfgL klg k|z:t lnG5g\ / k"m;{b eP/ klg a:g' kb}g . pgLx?sf] clwsf+z ;do t lrofdf g} laT5 . r}qsf] t];|f] ;ftfb]lv lrofdf vl6g' kg]{ eP klg xKtfdf Ps lbg l6Kg' kg]{ ePsfn] To:tf] s'g} ;d:of x'Fb}g em08} #) /f]kgL hldgdf lrof v]tL ub}[ cfPsf Onfd kz'kltgu/ lhnsf lrof ls;fg Vofd axfb'/ ;fksf]6fn] atfP . xfdL lrofsf] cnjf t/sf/L jfnL, rD;'/, csj/], lj, wlgof, cfn', cld|;f], cb'jf, b'w nufotsf cGo w]/} k|sf/sf v]tL u5f}+{ . h;sf sf/0f xfdLn] k'm;{lbnf] eP/ a:g klg kfpb}gf}+ ;fy} ;fdfGo 3/ Jojxf/ rnfpg klg ;d:of x'Fb}g pgsf] syg xf] of] .  pgL h:t} To; If]qsf k|foM ;a} ls;fgx? k'm;{lbnf 5}gg\ . ;a}n] jx' v]tL ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ h;af6 cfDbfgL /fd|} x'G5 / 3/ klg /fd|/L g} rNb} cfPsf] 5 .

lh/L ufO{ kfng Joj;fosf nflu /fd|f] dflgG5 . lh/L d} $÷% j6f lrh ˆofS6«Lx? klg 5g\ . ToxfF klg ufO{ kfn]/ b"w laqmL ul/G5 clg cfˆgf] jf/Ldf rfFxL cfn' ux'F nufot cGo jfnL nufOG5 . l:jh/Nof08sf] Ho'l/r h:t} nfUg] lh/Ldf To;f] t df5f kfng, lrof v]tL, ds} v]tL nufot w]/} k|sf/ jfnLx? nufOG5 . ToxfFsf ls;fg klg vfnL a:b}gg\ . # j6f ufO{ kfn]sf] 5' ufO{nfO{ h+undf 5f]l8lbof] eg] x'G5 . !@ j6f afv|f klg 5g\, af/Ldf ;do x]/]/ cfn', hf}, ux', sf]bf] nufOG5 . To;f] t xfd|f] jf/L vfnL slxNo} x'Fb}g . x/]s l;hgdf cfjZostf x]/]/ v]tL u5f}+ :yfgLo %) alif{of /fddfof lh/]nn] atfOg\ . pgsf] 3/ lh/Lsf] ljzfn a:tLsf] ;a}eGbf dfly 5 . pgL cfˆgf pTkflbt a:t' tn lh/L ahf/df nu]/ laqmL ub}{ cfPsf] jtfpl5g\ . o:tf] /fd|f] cfn' kmN5 t/ eg] h:tf] bfd rfFxL kfOb}g  pgn] u'gf;f] ug{ klg EofOg\ . lh/Ldf klg jx' s[lif k]zfnfO{ g} k|fyldstf lbPsf] kfOG5 .

ptf /fdk'/ s[lif SofDk; lrtjgsf] s[lif s]Gb|;Fu} hf]l8Psf ls;fgx? klg jx' s[lif k|0fnL g} cfhsf] xfd|f] cfjZostf xf] eG5g\ . pgLx? eG5g\– wfg v]tL t 5Fb} 5 To; afx]s xfdL kz'kfng, -ufO{ e}+;L, afv|f, a+u'/, xfF;, s'v'/f cflb_, t/sf/L jfnL, sf]z]jfnL, df}/L kfng nufot w]/} k|sf/sf v]t Lug]{ u5f}+{ . xfdLnfO{ ahf/sf] vfFrf] 5}g t/ sltko cj:yfdf rfFxL dn / aLp g} kfOb}g To;n] rfFxL ;d:of kf5{ eG5g\ . pgLx?sf] /f]hfO klg jx's[lif k|0ffnL g} xf] . olx k|0ffnLaf6 jif{sf !@ j6} dlxgfdf cfly{s ;d:ofaf6 cNemg' kb}{g .

emfkfsf] k|d'v Jofkfl/s ahf/ w'nfaf/Lsf] glhs} lgGbf vf]nfsf] cf8df ! bh{g a+u'/ kfng k]zfnfO{ k5\ofpb} cfPsL $% jlif{of ldgf d]r] klg Psn k|0ffnL eGbf  jx' s[lif k|0ffnL g} 7Ls elG5g\ . pgn] cfˆgf] j+u'/af6 k|z:t cfDbfgL lng] eP klg t/sf/L tyf kmnk'mnv]tL ub}{ cfO/x]sL 5g\ . w'nfaf/L ahf/df b'wsf] /fd|f] ahf/ ePsfn] pgn] ufO{ klg kfn]sL 5g\ . ufO{af6 klg pgn] /fd|} cfDbfgL lnPsL 5g\ . t/sf/L tyf kmnk'mnaf6 klg cfDbfgL x'g] g} eof] . wfg ux' t ;w}+ ul/b} cfPsf v]tL x'g ltgLx?nfO{ t lg/Gt/tf lbg} k5{ lg Û pgsf] klg a'emfO ToxL 5 vfnL / k'm;{lbnf] eP/ a:of] eg] d'vdf df8 nfUb}g To;}n] s]x Lug{ ;Sof] eg] cfDbfgL t eOxfN5 lg Û

To;f] t dT:o ljsf; s]Gb| df5f kf]v/Lsf lgb]{zs /dfgGb ld> klg ls;fgx?n] jx' s[lif k|0ffnL ckgfP cfodf klg j[l4 x'g] / ;dosf] klg ;b'kof]u ug{ ;lsg] x'G5 eG5g\ . pgn] csf]{ gofF k4lt klg ;'emfP /fO; lkm; . pgn] wfg v]tL;Fu} ;f]xL v]tdf df5f klg kfNg ;lsg] atfP . h;nfO{ pgsf] efiffn] /fO; lkm; eGbf]/x]5 . pgn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ Ps JolQmn] df5f dfq} kfNg] xf] eg] $ ljufxf hldgdf df5f kfNg ;S5 t/ Ps JolQmn] cGo v]tL u/]sf] v08df dfq} Ps /f]kgL hUufnfO{ /fd|/L x]g{ ;S5 . To;}n] wfgsf ;fydf df5f klg kfNg] ;Nnfx lbg rfxfG5' . wfg / df5f ;Fu} v]tdf nufOP b'j} jfnL Psk6s kfS5 . h;n] ubf{ ls;fgx?nfO{ a9L cfDbfgL lbG5 . To;f] ubf{ wfg uf]8\g' kg]{ em+em6 klg x'Fb}g . df5f cfkm}n] wfg klg uf]8\5 o;/L uf]l8Psf] wfg dfG5]n] uf]l8Psf] eGbf w]/} /fd|f] kmn lbg] x'G5 . pgsf] sfo{qmddf o; jif{ /fO; lkm;sf] k|of]u /x]5 . ;fFRr} ld> ;/n] eg] h:t} ls;fgx?n] hfFu/ rnfpg] xf] eg] cd]l/sf olx x'g] /x]5 .

sfe|]sf ls;fgx?;Fu ;fIfTsf/ ubf{ klg pgLx?n] jx' s[lif k]zfnfO{ g} dfGotf lb+b} cfPsf] jtfP . Psn s[lif k|0ffnLaf6 ls;fgnfO{ kmfObf x'Fb}g . To;df klg wfg ux'af6 dfq} ls;fgx?n] cfDbfgL ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . To;}n] Ps eGbf a9L s[lif k]zfnfO{ ckgfpg ;s] ls;fgx?n] /fd|/L cfDbfgL ug{ ;S5g\ . pgLx?n] ljleGg t/sf/L jfnLsf ;fydf b"w Joj;fonfO{ klg k|d'v k]zfsf ?kdf lnPsf 5g\ . t/ ljutsf] b'v];f] klg kf]Vg EofPsf 5g\ pgLx?n] . b'w Joj;fon] rfFxL pgLx?nfO{ ljutdf lgSs} ;tfPsf] /x]5 . slxn] ldNs xf]ln8] t slxn] aGb sf/0f kg{;Ddsf] dsf{ k/]sf] /x]5 pgLx?nfO{ . t/ clxn] eg] ;don] sf]N6] km]/]sf] 5 eGg klg pgLx? sGh':ofFO ub}{gg\ . t/ pgLx?sf] a'emfO{df g]kfndf s[lif k]zfnfO{ ;Ddfgsf ;fy x]l/b}g . ljBfnodf klg jfj' cfdfsf] k]zf s[lif xf] eGof] eg] gfs v'DRofpg] ul/G5 /] . To;}n] s[lif k]zfnfO{ dof{lbt agfpg ;s] of] eGbf pQd Joj;fo c? s]xL klg gx'g] pgLx?sf] bfjL 5 .

g]kfn cem} klg s[lif Joj;fo d} cfl>t 5 . oxfFsf *) k|ltzt ls;fgx? s[lif k]zf ckgfp5g\ . t/ klg b]zn] eg] hlt s[lif If]qdf nufgL ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . s[lif k]zf ckgfpg] ls;fgsf nflu s'g} klg To:tf] pNn]v ug{ nfossf] shf{sf] Joj:y fug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . a? a9\bf] zx/Ls/0fnfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] Knl6ªsf nflu eg]/ a}+sx?n] shf{ lbG5g\ . h;sf sf/0f Psflt/ s[lif k]zf yk ;+s6df kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . csf]{ tkm{ ;/sf/n] Psn s[lif k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug{ vf]lh/x]sf] 5 . h;af6 /fi6«n] eljiodf ef]Ug' kg]{ ;d:ofsf] af/]df cWoog ;Dd ul/Psf] 5}g . ut jif{ dfq o:tf] Ps s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{ k5\ofpbf ls;fgx?sf] ;of}+ ljufxf hldgdf nufOPsf] ds}+ v]tLdf bfg} nfu]g . TolQ eP/ klg ;/sf/L oIf]qsf] ;f]r cem} klg Psn k|0ffnL d} klxnf] /f]hfO /x]sf] 5 .

ls;fgx?sf nflu pko'Qm eg]s} jx' s[lif k|0ffnL xf] olb o;sf] ug{ ;lsPdf ls;fgx?n] clwstd kmfObf lng;Sg]5g\ . cfDbfgLdf klg j[l4 / ;dosf] klg ;b'kof]usf sf/0f ls;fgsf nflu jx' s[lif k|0ffnL j/bfg ;fljt x'g]5 .

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Onfd k~rsGof–* sf czf]ss'df/ /fO{n] Ps hf]8L xf]lni6\of08 ufO{ kfn]/ b'w laqmL ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . kz'kltgu/ Onfdsf b]js'df/ /fO{ klg a9L b'w laqmL ug]{ ls;fgsf ?kdf lrlgG5g\ . pgn] ev}/} dfq *% xhf/df ufO{ lsg]sf 5g\ . emfkf z/0ffdltsf xf]d rf}nfufO{ klg ef/tLo ahf/af6 d'/f{ e}+;L NofP/ kfln/x]sf 5g\ . pgsf] e}+;Ln] klg ;f]r] cg'?ks} b"w klg lbO/x]sf] 5 . wgs'§fsf lbj; /fO{sf] k]zf klg ufO{ kfng g} 5 . ptf sfe|]sf lj/axfb'/ nfdf klg b'w laqmL u/]/} b}lgs uhf]{ 6fg]{ u5{g\ . otf /fhwfgLsL pdf 7sfn tyf nIdL af]xf]/fsf] klg k]zf ufO{ kfng g} xf] . lrtjgsf ls;fgx?sf] klg k]zf ufO{ kfng g} 5 . k"j{ g]kfnb]lv klZrd;Dd b"Uw Joj;fo Pp6f ;/n / ;xh Joj;fo ag]sf] 5 .

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b'w laqmL ug{ ;/n ahf/ eP klg TolQ ;xh gePsf] atfp5g\ b'Uw pTkfbs ls;fgx? . ha ha ufO{sf] b'w a9\b} hfG5 ta ta b'wsf] u'0f:t/ v:sb} hfG5 . xfdLnfO{ hlt;Sbf] a9L b'w rfFlxG5 To;f] ePsf] x'Fbf xfdLn] v'jfpg] bfgfsf sf/0f ufO{sf] b'wdf kftnf]kg / k|f]l6g / 3[tf+zdf km/s kg]{ x'G5 . x'g t o; s'/fnfO{ a}1flgsx? v08g ubf{ x'g t/ cEof;df hfFbf o;n] cfkm} k|dfl0ft u5{  k|fo ls;fgx?sf] d'vaf6 of] s'/f p7\g] u/]sf] 5 . hj b'wsf] u'0f:t/ 36\g yfN5 ta b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg cGtu{tsf b'Uw ;xsf/Lx?n] b'wdf sl8s8fp ug{ yfN5g\ . TolQ a]nf rfFxL ls;fgx?nfO{ ksf{ kbf]{/x]5 b'w lkmtf{ eP/ . b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] b'wsf] lgDgtd\ u'0f:t/ #=% k|ltzt 3[tf+z / *=@ P;PgPkm x'g' clgjfo{ 5 . t/ pQm u'0f:t/df b'w k'¥ofpg sltko cj:yfdf ls;fgx?nfO{ lgs} uf¥xf] kbf]{/x]5 . ljz]if u/]/ ufO{nfO{ slnnf] 3fF; v'jfPsf] cj:yfdf b'w rfFxL a9\g] t/ u'0f:t/df 36\g] x'g]u5{ .

b'w laqmL u/]/ ufO{ v'jfPsf] nufgL g} p7fpg ;lsb}g\ czf]s /fO{n] lx;fa} u/]/ b]vfP . Pp6f ufO{nfO{ b}lgs % s]hL bfgf v'jfpg'k5{ . h;sf] lgDgtd\ d'No !@% b]lv !%) ;Dd x'G5 -lkgf, a|f08 / RofVnf u/L_ . Pp6f ufO{n] cf}ift !) ln6/ b'w lbG5 . h;sf] d'No @% ?k}of k|lt ln6/sf b/n] @%) x'G5 . 3fF;sf] d'No vf]O < cf}iflw pkrf/sf] d'No vf]O{ . xfd|f] Hofnf vf]O . pgn] u'gf;f] u/] b'wsf] d"No cToGt} sd 5 h;sf] sf/0f xfdLn] ;w}+ 3f6fdf sfd u/]/ a:g' k5{ . pgsf] h:t} u'gf;f] sfe]|lt/sf ls;fgx?n] klg u5{g\ . eG5g\ xfdL @% ?k}ofF k|lt ln6/df b'w laqmL u5f}+{ t/ Tof] klg lgs} sl7gfO{sf ;fy t/ Tof] eGbf cem} sd;n agfOPsf] b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgsf] kf]sf b'w cfwf ln6/sf] xfd|f gfgLx?n] zx/df cfwf ln6/nfO{ @* ?k}of xfn]/ lsGg'k5{ . xfd|f] b'w laqmL ug{ uf¥xf] 5 p;sf] b'w kfpg} uf¥xf] 5 . o;n] klg k|i6 kf5{ b'Uw pTkfbs ls;fgx? Jff:tjd}+ 7luPsf 5g\ . To;f] t Onfdsf ls;fgx?;Fu sfe|]sf ls;fgx? Klg ;xdt 5g\ b'wsf] d'No sd ePsf] / nufgLg} gp7\g] s'/fdf . t/ km/s rfFxL Onfdsf ufO{ / afR5f afR5Lsf] d"Nosf] t'ngfdf sfe|]df lgs} sld 5 . jf:tjdf ls;fgx?sf] nufgL cg'?ksf] kmfObf kfO/x]sf] kfOb}g . lbgsf lbg a9\b} hfg] bfgfsf] d'No / h:tfsf] t:t} a:g] b'wsf] d'Nosf sf/0f . nufgL g} gp7\g] ePkl5 ls;fgx? ufO{ kfng k]zfaf6 ljd'v x'Fb} uPsf] kfOG5 lxhf]cfh .

ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv  b'Uw pTkfbgdf uf}0f e"ldsf v]Nb} cfPsf] b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg olt a]nf b'wsf] cefjdf 5 56\k6fPsf] 5 . clxn] b}lgs % nfv ln6/ eGbf a9L b'w ;+sng ub}{ cfPsf] b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg olta]nf @ nfv ln6/ -b}lgs_ b'wsf] cefjdf 56\k6fPsf] 5 . sf7df08f}+df dfq} b}lgs ! nfv $) xhf/ ln6/ b'w vkt x'G5 . b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg afx]s /fhwfgLdf $% j6f lghL 8]/Lx?n] b'w ;+sng u/]/ laqmL ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . To; afx]s b]zel/df t o:tf 8]/Lsf] ;+Vof slt 5 ;/sf/ cfkm}nfO{ yfxf 5}g . g]kfnsf] b'wn] gk'u]/ b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgn] xfn ef/tsf] k6gfaf6 #% xhf/ ln6/ b'w b}lgs cfot ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . x'g t g]kfnsf] b'w TolQs} ;+Vofdf ef/t hfg] u/]sf] 5 . o; qmddnfO{ gt ;/sf/ /f]Sg ;s]sf] 5 gt b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgn] g} k|of; u/]sf] 5 . oxL qmd /lx/x]df g]kfnn] jflif{s ! nfv *@ xhf/ d]l6«s 6g b'wsf] cefj em]Ng'kg]{ b]lvG5 . Psflt/ b'w Joj;fok|lt ls;fgx?sf] 36\b} uPsf] ?rLnfO{ b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgn] ;Daf]wg ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g eg] csf]{lt/ ljut # aif{b]lv b'Uw pTkfbg ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;+Vof a9fpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . o;n] klg b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgn] b'wsf] cefjdf w]/} 56\kl6g' kg]{ cj:yf nfd} ;do;Dd /xg] b]lvG5 .

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lsg rfpl/; dl/r cfˆg} /fun] eGg] pvfg 7\ofSs} ldN5 b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgnfO{ . lsgeg] lxhf] h'g cfzf b]vfP/ b'Uw Joj;fok|lt ls;fgsf] cfsif{0f a9fof] . Tof] cfsif{0f sfod u/]/ /fVg ;s]g . @)%% ;fn;Dd t nueu b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgn] OdfGbf/L sfod} /fv]sf] lyof] t/ To;kl5 b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgn] cfˆgf] OdfGbf/Ltf sfod /fVg ;s]g . cyf{t z'?sf lbgdf !% lbgdf Ps lbg ldNs xf]ln8] eg]/ b'w lsGg 5f]l8lbof] . To;kl5 t xKtfsf] Ps lbg ldNs xf]ln8] /fVg yfNof] . xKtfsf] Ps lbgaf6 a9fP/ b'O[lbg ;Dd ldNs xf]ln8] ug{ yfn] kl5 ls;fgx?nfO{ kg{ ;Ddsf] lk/ k¥of] . TolQdfq xf]Og :yfgLo lr:ofg s]Gb| tyf lrh ˆofS6«Lx?n] b'w /fVg] efF8fsf] cefj b]vfP/ b'w lsGg 5f]8]kl5 ls;fgx? lbgsf lbg ;d:ofdf kg{ yfn] . To; a]nf b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgn] pTkflbg b'wnfO{ ;xL 9+un] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;s]g oft rfx]g                                                                                         . cfk'mn] pTkfbg u/]sf] b'w !%df Ps lbg x'b} xKtf @ lbg;Dd xf]ln8] eP kl5 ls;fgsf] ;d:of s;}n] a'‰g rfx]g . lbglbg} ufO{sf] C0fn] ynf kb}{ hfg yfn] . Psflt/ ufO{sf] nufgLsf] C0f / csf]{lt/ k;ndf ;fx' C0f ltg{ g;s]/ ufO{ g} a]Rg'kg]{ cj:yf cfof] . ufO{ klg TolQ ;xh laqmL x'g 5f8] . cfˆgf] hfoh]yf klg laqmL u/]/ b}lgs uhf]{ 6fg'{ kg]{ cj:yf aGof] tj ls;fgx?sf] dgl:yltdf Jofks kl/jt{g b]lvg yfNof] . Psflt/ b'w lsGg cfgfsfgL ug]{ csf]{ tkm{ b'wsf] e'QmfgL klg b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg 7Ls ;dodf lbg ;s]g . z'?df lgoldt e'QmfgL ub}{ cfPsf] ;+:yfgn] lj:tf/} dlxgf lbg x'b} b'O{ dlxgf x'Fb} $ dlxgf;Dd e'QmfgL u/]g . To; lsl;dsf] ;+:yfgsf] sfo{n] ls;fgnfO{  kg{;Ddsf] lk/ k¥of] . ufO{nfO{ bfgf v'jfpg klg ;s]gg\ . lagf bfgf ufO{n] b'w lbg 5f8] . ufO{sf] dfq} xf]Og dflg;s} bfgfdf klg sl7gfO{ eof] . k;nx?n] ls;fgx?nfO{ bfgf lbg;Sg] cj:yf klg /x]g sf/0f ltgLx? Klg ltg} ls;fgdf e/ k/]sf lyP . o:tf] u}/lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ sfdn] ls;fgx? b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg;Fu olt ?i6 ePsL To;s} kl/0ffd pQm Joj;fonfO{ nueu nueu cfk"mn] ug}{ kg]{ Joj;fosf] ;"rLaf6 x6fP / cGo Joj;foaf6 cfˆgf] eljio vf]Hg yfn] . cfh b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgsf] ljutsf] cfˆg} uNtLsf sf/0f b'wsf] cefj 6fg{ ;Sg] cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . ;fFRr} lxhf]sf % dfp ufO{ kfNg] ls;fgsf uf]7df Pp6f ufO{ dfq 5 . Tof] klg dg nfu] b'w laqmL u5{g\ dg gk/] a]Rb}gg\ . ufO{ kfngaf6 ynf k/]kl5 s[lif k]zfdf nfUg yfn]sf 5g\ ls;fgx? . Onfd lt/sf ls;fgx? t cfˆgf] pTkflbt b'w cfkm} 3/df g} 5'kL{, lnlnkk, l3pm pTkfbgdf nfUg yfn]sf 5g\ . h;n] ubf{ cfh b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg g/fd|/L cefjdf afFlr/x]sf] 5 .

b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgsf] sf/0faf6 dfq} b'wsf] cefj ePsf] xf]Og . csf]{ d'Vo sf/0f g]kfnsf] l3g nfUbf] /fhg}lts cj:yf klg xf] . ls;fgx?n] pTkfbg u/]sf] b'wnfO{ laqmL ug{ k6s k6ssf /fhg}lts kf6L{sf aGbsf sf/0f cj/f]w eO/Xof] . aGbstf{x?n] af6f] cj/f]w ug]{, b'wsf 6\of+s/x? hnfpg], tf]8kmf]8 ug]{, ls;fgx?nfO{ b'w laqmL ug{ hfg glbg] h:tf u}//fhg}lts lqmofsnfksf sf/0f klg ls;fgx?sf] dgf]an lug{ uof] . Psflt/ nfdf] ;do;Dd k};f glbg] csf]{tkm{ ldNs xf]ln8]sf gfddf xKtfdf b'O{lbg ;Dd aGb ug]{ / /fhg}lts cj/f]wsf sf/0f klg ls;fgx? ufO{ kfng Joj;foaf6 kl5 x6\b} uPsf] kfOG5 . aGbstf{sf] lj/f]wdf tgx' sfe|] h:tf lhNnfsf ls;fgx?n] t cfˆgf] pTkflbt b'wnfO{ af6f]df nu]/ kf]Vg ;Dd klg u/] t/ /fhg}lts kf6L{sf] cfFvf v'n]g . cfh b]zsf ;fd' nfh} dg]{ l:ylt cfPsf] 5 .

slxn] tfD;flnª aGb slxn] du/ftsf gfddf aGb slxn] t/fO{ aGb slxn] lnDa'jfg If]q aGb h:tf aGb} aGb}sf sf/0f b'Uw Joj;fo w/f;foL aGb} uof] . aGb ug]{df klg k"jf{~rndf lnDa'jfg d'lQm df]rf{sf gfddf pgLx?sf b'O{j6f df]rf{sf sf/0f aGb ug]{ qmddf ;a}eGbf dfly /x] . h;sf sf/0f k"jf{~rn If]qdf t dlxgfdf k|foM ;a} lbg aGb x'g k'Uof] . lj/f6gu/ b'Uw lr:ofg s]Gb| t aGbsf] aGb} /Xof] h;sf sf/0f g]kfndf b'Uw Joj;fok|lt ls;fgx?sf] ;f]r kl/jt{g eP/ uof] . h;sf] c;/ cfh /fi6«n] ef]lu/x]sf] 5 . cj ls;fgx?nfO{ klxNo}sf];f]r / ufO{ kfng Joj;fonfO{ klxNo}sf] cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg ;/sf/sf ;fd' lgs} 7"n} r'gf}lt ag]/ cfPsf] 5 .

kz'wgsf] c;'/Iffsf sf/0f klg b'w pTkfbgdf sld cfPsf] Pp6f sf/0f dfGg ;lsG5 . lsgeg] xfd|f] ;/sf/;Fu clxn];Dd klg kz'wg ;'/Iff ;DaGwL s'g} Pp6f lglZrt P]g 5}g . ls;fgsf ufO{ d/] klg To;sf] Ifltk"lt{sf] s'g} Joj:yf g} gx'g', ls;fgx? Lbgsf lbg C0fdf 8'Jb} hfFbfdf klg ;/sf/ d's bz{s eP/ x]g'{ h:tf sf/0fx?n] klg ls;fgx?sf] hfFu/ db}{ hfg yfn]sf] kfOG5 . clxn];Dd klg s'g} kz'sf] ladf ;DaGwL gLlt galgg'n] klg ls;fgx? Cfˆgf] ;DklQsf] /If fug{ g;s]/ klg b'w Joj;fob]lv efUg yfn]sf] kfOG5 .

kz'df k/]sf] gs/fTds c;/

ls;fgsf] hLjg:t/df dfq} c;/ k/]g ldNs xf]ln8] / /fhg}lts kf6L{sf aGbsf sf/0f . k'x?sf] :jf:ydf klg k|lts'n c;/ kg{ uof] . xKtfdf Ps b]lv b'O{lbg;Dd aGb x'Fbf ufO{nfO{ ls;fgx?n] Pp6} 9+uaf6 bfgf v'jfpg ;s]gg\ . TolQm dfq xf]Og dlxgf}+;Dd b'wsf] k};f /f]lslbP kl5 ufO{sf] bfgf 3fF; / k/fndf dfq} l;ldt aGb} uof] . ufO{n] lgoldt ;Gt'lnt bfgf vfg kfPgg\ . slxn] vfg} gkfpg] / slxn] cfjZostfeGbf a9L bfgf ePkl5 ufO{sf] z/L/df gs/fTds c;/ k/] . h;sf sf/0f ufO{sf] kmfFrf]df klg cgf}7f cgf}7f /f]ux? b]vf kg{ yfn] eg] slt ufO{ t km'6 KjfOhgsf sf/0f klg d/] . bfgfdf cToflws kf}li6s tTj a9]kl5 ufO{sf] b'w a9\g hfFbf y'g]nf] x'g] qmd a9\b} uof] . ljz]if u/]/ c;Gt’lnt bfgfaf6 klg y'g]nf] /f]u cfpg] u/]sf] s'/f ls;fgx?n] k|of]uaf6} kQf nufP . zfob o; s'/fnfO{ a}1flgsx?n] v08g ubf{ x'g\ t/ oyfy{df ToxL ePsf] b]lvof] . y'g]nf] nfu] kl5 pkrf/ t u/] t/ w]/} ufO{x? csf]{ a]tdf oft Tolx a]tdf klg klxnfsf] h:t} ;dfg b'w lbg;Sg] cj:yfdf k'Ug ;s]gg\ . csf]{ a]tdf t y'g]nf] ePsf] y'gaf6 yf]Kkf klg b'w cfPgg\ . Psflt/ b'wsf] d"No klg sd x'g' / csf]{lt/ pkrf/sf nflu kof{Kt k};f klg gx'g' ls;fgx?df ;d:o} ;d:of eP . h;sf sf/0f ufO{x? dg{ yfn] . ls;fgx?sf] a}+ssf] C0f a9\b} hfg yfNof] . z'?df b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgsf] x]nr]qmof+On] z'? ePsf] ufO{ kfng Joj;fok|ltsf] gs/fTds wf/0ffnfO{ /fhg}lts kf6L{sf aGbn] emg k|f]T;fxg u¥of] eg] kl5NNf] ;dodf ufO{df b]lvPsf ljleGg k|sf/sf /f]u To;df klg y'g]nf]sf sf/0f ls;fgx? ufO{ kfng Joj;foaf6 kl5 x6\g yfn[sf 5g\ . clgoldt bfgfsf sf/0f ufO{x?df yfx} gkfO{ Hj/f] cfpg], c?lr a9\g] h:tf ljleGg ;d:ofx? Klg b]lvPsf 5g\ . To;}n] ufO{x?df b]lvPsf ;d:ofsf] d'n sf/0f klg b'w laqmLdf cj/f]w cfpg' g} xf] .

jt{dfgdf b]lvPsf] r'gf}lt

wflbª lhNnfsf b'O{ uflj;x? hLjgk'/ / s]jnk'/n] k|To]s uflj;df !))÷!)) j6f ufO{ kfNg] Pp6f of]hgf agfof] . k|To]s 3/nfO{ Ps dfp ufO{ lbg] / b}lgs a}+ssf] C0f ltg]{ Pp6f k|:tfj tof/ kf¥of] . sl/j @ s/f]8sf] pQm k|:tfjnfO{ x]/]/ d]uf a}+sn] C0f t lbg /fhL eof] . t/ ;d:of ToxfF uP/ hlGdof] ufO{ sxfFaf6 Nofpg] < oxL ;d:ofsf sf/0f wflbªsf] Tof] of]hgf cfh sfo{Gjog x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . d'n sf/0f ToxL /Xof] ufO{ gdfOg] ;d:of .  xf] clxn] cfP/ ;a}eGbf hl6n ;d:of g} ufO{ g} gkfpg' /x]sf] 5 . !)) j6f ufO{ sxfF kfpg ;lsG5 < olx k|Zgn] ufO{ kfNg /fhL ePsf ls;fgx? Klg clxn] ylGsP/ a;]sf 5g\ . ha aGb / ldNs xf]ln8]sf sf/0f ls;fgx?n] cfk"m;Fu ePsf ufO{x? klg lj:tf/} x6fpb} hfg yfn] . b'w} laSg 5f]8]kl5 ufO{ kfn]/ klg kmfObf eGbf Hofbf 3f6f x'g yfNof] . cfk"mnfO{ rflxg] Pp6f dfq ufO{ /fv]/ c? ufO{ laqmL ul/lbP . To; qmddf Onfdaf6 t ef/tsf] l;lnu'8L gS;naf/L If]qdf ufO{ olt w]/} laqmL ePls To;sf] tYof+s} xfdL;Fu 5}g . ePsf ufO{ klg laqmL ug]{ / ufO{ kfng Joj;fonfO{ g} 5f]8\g yfn] kl5 ufO{sf] cefj a9\g yfNof] . olt a]nf rfFxL ;/sf/l / lghL If]q b'j}n] ufO{ kfng Joj;fonfO{} pS;fO/x]sf] kfOG5 t/ ;d:of ufO{ g} kfOb}g .

g]kfndf /x]sf ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf ufO{sf kmf/dx?df klg ufO{ 5}gg\ . ePsf klg sd;n hftsf, a'9f /f]uL eO;s]sf dfq 5g\ . To;df klg ;a}eGbf a9L ;+Vogf lh/Ldf /x] klg ToxfF klg !@) dfp ufO{ eGbf Hofbf 5}gg\ . otf v'dn6f/df klg %)÷^) j6f eGbf a9L ufO{ 5}gg\ . ePsf klg sfd nfUg] vfnsf 5}gg\ . /fdk'/ s[lif SofDk;sf] xftfdf /x]sf] s[lif s]Gb|df klg ufO{sf] ;+Vof cToGt} sld / ePsf ufO{x? klg hft lvOP/ :yfgLo hftsf eGbf klg sd;nsf eO;s]sf 5g\ . To;}n] cjsf] r'gf}lt eg]s} ufO{sf] cefj x'g' xf] .

:jb]zdf ufO{ geP kl5 ef/t rLg tyf Sofgf8faf6 ufO{ NofP/ kfNg ;Sg] ;Defjgf t 5 t/ To;df ;/sf/L gLlt g} k|i6 5}g . ;/sf/n] ljb]zaf6 ufO{ lgsf;L ug{ /f]s nufPsf] 5 eg] k}7f/Ldf klg /f]s g} 5 . Sjf/fOG6fOgsf sf/0f ef/tsf] ahf/af6 ;xh} ufO{ Nofpg ;lsb}g eg] pQ/L rLgaf6 ufO{ Nofpg klg p:t} ;d:ofn] tuf/f] xfn]sf] 5 . Sofgf8fn] ufO{ lbg] zt{ ;/sf/nfO{ k7fP klg ;/sf/n] To;sf] sfof{Gjog g} u/]sf] 5}g . Psflt/ ;/sf/L gLlt g} k|i6 5}g eg] ljb]zaf6 ufO{ cfoft ubf{ d"Nodf kg]{ c;/sf sf/0f klg ufO{ kfng Joj;fo yk ;+s6df kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . To;}n] cjsf lbgdf ufO{ kfng k]zfsf] Joj;foLs/0f ug{ TolQm ;xh / ;/n 5}g .

;dfwfgsf s;/L xf]nf <

;d:of pTkGg eP kl5 lgZro g} ;dfwfg t xf]nf g} t/ TolQm rfF8} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g] 5fF6 eg] b]lvb}g . k|yd t :jb]zdf ePsf ufO{ kmfd{x?nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ ufO{sf] hftdf gZn ;'wf/ ub}{ hfg'kg]{ b]lvG5 eg] csf]{ lt/ kz'wg ;DaGwL ;/sf/sf] k|i6 gLlt x'g'k5{ cyf{t kz' ladfnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg ;Sg'k5{ . csf]{ ;dfwfgsf] d'n h8 eg]sf] b'wsf] laqmLnfO{ ;/sf/n] lglZrttf lbg'k5{ . lxhf] h:tf] cfk"mnfO{ rflxPsf] a]nf b'w lslglbg] grflxPsf] avtdf jfL:tf gu/L aGb ul/lbg] h:tf u}/ lhDd]jf/Laf6 ;/sf/ 6f8f x'g'k5{ .  ldNs xf]ln8]sf] gfd / ljb]zsf] b'w Nofpg] rfxfgfdf :jb]zL ls;fgnfO{ km]l/klg lg/f; kfb}{ n}hfg] xf] eg] b]zn] b'wsf] cefj csf{ jif{df emg a9L y]Ub} hfg'kg]{ x'G5 . To;}n] ;/sf/L gLltnfO{ k|i6;Fun] ;/sf/n] aflx/ NofO{ sfof{Gjog ul/ ls;fgx?nfO{ 9'Ss x'g] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ ;Sg'k5{ .

Csf]{ tkm{ af6f] aGb u/]/ cfˆgf] /fhg}lts clei6 k"/f ug{] g]kfnsf /fhg}lts kf6L{x?n] klg plQs} ;r]t x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . olb cfˆgf] /fhg}lts :jfy{nfO{ ls;fg;Fu /fv]/ x]g]{ xf] eg] . ls;fgsf pTkflbg a:t'x?nfO{ ;xh laqmL ug{ s:t} k|sf/sf] /fg}lts x:tIf]k x'g'x'b}g . olb ;a} kIfsf] df/ ls;fgnfO{ y'kfb}{ hfg] xf] eg] b'wdf dfq xf]Og ;a} If]qdf x'g] cefj /fHon] y]Ug'kg]{ x'G5 . To;}n] ;+If]kdf eGg'kbf{ g]kfnsf /fhg}lts kf6L{sf lqmofsnfk / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s[lif ;DaGwL gLltdf g} b'Uw Joj;fosf] eljio /x]sf] 5 .