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o'u kl/jt{gsf] qmddf 5, ;To xf] . ;do kl/jt{gzLn x'G5, ;To xf] . t/ ;do;Fu} dfgljo ;+j]bgfdf kl/jt{g cfpFg ;Sb}g . ;don] ;dfhnfO{ kl/jt{g t unf{ t/ ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0f ug{ t dflg;sf] ;f]r zlQmdf k"/} kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg'k5{ / dfq ;dfhsf] kl/jt{g x'g;S5 . ut jif{ ebf} ( ut] s]xL /fli6«o b}lgssf s'gfx?af6 lj/f6gu/sL *$ alif{o j[4f cfdf cfzfb]jL nfdf ;dfhdf /x]sf ljBdfg s';+:sf/x? lzsf/ eP/ j[4 ufnfx? /ft} agfP/ ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf nflu cfu|x ul//x]sL lyOg . To:t} >fj0f dlxgfsf] Ps c+sdf bf/]rf]s lrtjgsL *) alif{o lbndfof v8\sf p:t} cj:yfdf ;dfhsf] kl/jt{gsf] nflu cfu|x ul//x]sL lyOg . oL t eP k"/fgf s'/f ev{/} dfq h'ljyf sflnsf]6sf dfglj/ ;'gf/sf] r'nf] 5f]Ps} lgx'Fdf xTof eof], ufu|L 5f]Psf] eGb} 3fF;Ls'jf gfxfnf tgx'Fdf dfof ljsnfO{ ufu|L 5f]Psf] lgx'Fdf lg3f{t lkl6of] . ho;} jif{ dfq af/fsL ^) jlif{o k"mndem/L ofbjnfO{ af]S;L s} lgx'Fdf lg3f{t lkl6of] . TolQ dfq sxfF xf] b]zs} /fhwfgLdf cfkmGt}af6 af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf lk6fO;lxt cfFvf u'dfOg\ ;'lgtf k'8f;}gLn] . xfd|f] ;dfhdf kl/jt{g cfPsf] k6s} 5}g a? ;dfhdf dWoo'lug ;+:sf/ emg emg ljsf; x'Fb} uPsf] :ki6 b]lvG5, dfglj/sf] xTof,  cfzfb]jL, lbndfof , dfofsf cGt/ lk8fn], k"mnem/Lsf] oftgf / ;'lgtfsf] cfFvf u'dfOn] . dfglj/, dfof lj=s=, cfzfb]jL,  lbndfof, k"mnem/L tyf ;'lgtf ;dfhsf cToGt} u/Lj kl/jf/sf ;b:o x'g\ / pxfFx?nfO{ oftgf lbg] rfFxL ;dfhsf] kl/jt{g rfxfg] @)–%) sf o'jf ;d'bfo x'g\ . jf:tjdf ;dfh kl/jt{g ug{ log} o'jfx?sf] cfjZostf 5 . *) sfl6;s]sfx?n] t ;dfhsf] kl/jt{g rflx;s] eg] o'jfx?n] ;fdflhs s';+:sf/x?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbP/ s;/L ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0f x'G5 < oL cfdfx?sf lk8fx?n] o:t} k|Zg hGdfPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf nflu sDd/ s;]sf 5f}+ eGg] g]kfnsf /fhg}lts kf6L{sf nflu Pp6f ultnf] emfk8 nfu]sf] 5 oL 36gfx?n] .

lj/f6gu/sf] Ps s'gfdf a:g] cfzfb]jL Pp6f ;j{;fwf/0f kl/jf/sL ;b:o x'g\ . ljxfg a]n'sfsf] 5fs 6fg{ agLa'tf] ug'{kg]{ ;fdfGo kl/jf/sL j[4f cfdf ut jif{ ebf} * ut] cfˆg} e'mk8Ldf lgjf{w lkl6Og\ . sf/0f af]S;Lsf] cleof]u nufOof] pgLdfly . *$ aif{sf] czQm z/L/ ToxL dfly pgnfO{ tLgtLg hgfn] lgjf{w lk6] a"9f}nLsf uGg ;lsg] zL/sf skfn pv]lnP / rfpl/Psf] j[4f ufnf /ut hd]/ /ftf eP . *) aif{sL bf/]rf]s lrtjgsL lbndfofdfly klg p:t} cf/f]k nfUof] af]S;L . pgL dfly klg p:t} lk6fO eof] . @& jlif{of tgx'sL dfof ljsnfO{ cfˆg} 3/ wgLn] lg3f{t lk6] . pgsf 3fF6L, 6fpsf] / kfv'/fdf 7"nf 7"nf rf]6 af]s]/ xfn c:ktfndf ;dfhsf] rlr{snf x]l//x]sL 5g\ . pg dflysf] cf/f]k lyof] blnt eP/ pkNnf] hftsf] kfgL 5f]Psf] . sfnLsf]6sf dfglj/ ;'gf/nfO{ rfFxL :yfgLo zfxL vfgbfgn] o; ;+;f/af6} cGTo u/fOlbP . cf/f]k lyof] 7"nf] hftsf dfG5]sf] r'nf] 5f]OlbPsf] . af/fsL k"mnem/Lsf] b'Mv nfUbf] 5}g pgn] :yfgLonfO{ aff]S;L ag]/ oftgf lbO/x]sL 5g\ /] . clg ;'lgtfn] af]S;L ePs} sf/0f aRrf hGdfpg ;lsgg\ /] . ;'lgtfsf cfFvf k'm6fOP . ;dfhdf cfˆg} ;xf]b/x? pgLdfly vlgP . crDd t o;df 5 oqf] !) aif{;Dd dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf nflu cfGbf]ng u/]. t/ ;dfh h:tfsf] t:t}, dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngsf] pe{/e"ld s0ff{nLdf klg ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf nflu l;Gsf] klg efFlrPsf] 5}g . s0f{nL t s] /fhwfgL g} cfw'lgs ;dfhdf ?kfGt/0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .  j[4fx?sf cfFvfaf6 em/]sf clj/n cf;'sf e]nx?n] k"/} g]kfnsf] l;rfO ul/;Sbf klg af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf g]kfnL cfdfx? lkl6g 5f]8]sf 5}gg\, blntsf gfddf lkl6g 5f8]sf 5}gg\ .  cfzfb]jL h:tf w]/} cfdfx? 5g\ hf] ;dfhdf lagf s;'/sf] nfG5gf nufP/ lkl6Psf, d/0fLb]jLb]lv cfzfb]jL / dfglj/ b]lv dfof ljs tyf ;'lgtf k'8f;}gL;Dd cfOk'Ubf ;dfhsf w]/} cfdfx?n] af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf lk6fO vfO;s]sf 5g\ clg blntsf] gfd Hofg u'dfPsf 5g\ lk6fO vfPsf 5g\  . lsg lkl6G5g\ cfdfx? < z/L/n] ;+;f/nfO{ 5f]8\g} cfF6]sf oL g]kfnL cfdfx?nfO{ af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k nufpFb} lk6\b} hfFbf slt ;fdflhs kl/jt{g x'G5 < lsg lkl6G5g\ blntx? < blnt x'g'g} pkNnf] hftsf dfG5x?sf] lk6fO vfgsf nflu xf] < vf]O ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f < vf]O hflto d'lQmsf] gf/f < vf]O ;dfgtf <

;dfhdf /x]sf ljBdfg ?l9jfbL k/Dk/fx?nfO{ ;dfhn] cem} klg lrg{ ;s]sf] 5}g . cfk}mleqsf] af]S;L dfgl;stfn] cfzfb]jLx?nfO{ ;dfhsf JolQmx?n] s'6\g 5f]8]sf 5}gg\ . xfdLaLrdf x's]{sf] hflto efjgfn] xfdLnfO{ d'Qm u/fpg ;s]sf] 5}g .  xfdL o'usf] kl/jt{g;Fu} Ps o'uaf6 csf]{ o'udf cfOk'lu;s]sf 5f}+ . w"jfFbf/ e'mk8Lsf] efG5faf6 dfly p7]/ cGtl/If /]i6'/fdf cGtl/Ifsf] cjnf]sg ub}{ vfgf vfg] cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf 5f} . t/ cfk}mleqsf] af]S;L dfgl;stfnfO{ Tofu]/ ;dfhsf] ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf nflu oBlk tof/ ePsf 5}gf}+ . hflto e]befjaf6 dfly p7]/ ;dfhdf ;dfgtfsf] efjgf km}nfpg ;s]sf 5}gf}+ . cfzfb]jL ;'lgtf t af]S;L x'Fb} xf]Ogg\ af]S;L t ltgLx? x'g\ h;sf] dfgl;stfdf dfgljo gftf ;d]t 5}g . af]S;L t ltgLx? x'g\ hf] ;dfhdf dflg; dflg;sfaLrdf jlu{o ljefhgsf] vfsf sf]g{df g} cfˆgf] ;do vlr{G5 . clg af]S;L t ltgLx? x'g\ h;n] ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0f ug{ slxNo} rfx]sf] x'Fb}g . dfglj/ / dfof ljs t blnt x'Fb} xf]Ogg\ . blnt t ltgLx? X'g hf] dfgljo gftf / o'usf] ;d]t Vofn ug{ ;Sb}gg\ .

;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0f / kl/jt{g z/L/sf sk8f 5f]6f] kfbf{ x'g] xf]Og gls v'Nnf 7fpFdf uP/ efif0f ub}{df x'G5 . ;dfhdf a;]/ ;dfhsf dfG5]x?sf] OHht ug{ ghfGg] JolQm ;dfhsf] kl/jt{gsf nflu slxNo} klg OdfGbf/ x'Fb}g . To;}n] c? czQm cfdfx?nfO{ cfk"mleqsf] af]S;Lsf] dfgl;stf vGofP/ ;dfhdf cfˆgf] k|e'Tj hdfpg] hf] JolQm 5 ;dfhsf] af]S;L eg]sf] pg} xf] h;sf] af]S;LTj dfgl;stfnfO{ ;dfhn] kl/jt{gdf nfg cem} klg ;s]sf] 5}g .  dflg; dflg;sf aLrdf hflto /]vf sf]/]/ jlu{o efjgfsf] ljsf; u/fpg] blntx?af6 ;dfhsf] kl/jt{g ;Dej 5}g . ltg} blntx? ;a} kf6L{x?df pkNnf] hftsf] gf/f af]s]/ blnt c?nfO{ eGb} ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf gf/f p/f{b}5g\ . ltg} c5'taf6 ;dfh lxhf]sf] h:t} h:tfsf] t:t} 5 .  

^) sf] bzs sfl6;s]sf Psn dlxnfx? cfh af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf lbgsf lbg lkl6b} cfPsf 5g\ . sd pd]/sf dlxnfx?nfO{ af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k xQkQ nufOb}g . ;dfhdf PSnf ag]sf lgwf{ dlxnfx? ;fdflhs ckx]ngfsf lzsf/ aG5g\ eg] af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf lkl6G5g\ . ;dfhn] PSnfx?nfO{ cf>o lbg'sf] ;f6f] pN6f] oftgf lb+b} cfPsf] 5 . To;}n] o'un] kl/jt{g rfx] klg ;dfhn] o'u cg';f/sf] kl/jt{g lbg rfx]sf] 5}g . ;dfhsf] kl/jt{gsf lhDdf lnPsf JolQmx?af6} af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k nufpFb} Psn dlxnfx?nfO{ lk6\b} hfFbf / ;dfhsf u/Lj slyt tNnf] hft egfpb} cfPsf JolQmx?nf{ blnt eGb} hfFbf v} s;/L ;fdflhs kl/jt{g cfpF5 < crDd rfFxL s] 5 eg] ;dfhsf Psn j[4 dlxnfx?nfO{ af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k nufpFb} lk6\g]x? rfFxL ;dfhs} @)–%) sf dlxnfx? g} /x]sf] kfOG5 . cfzfb]jLnfO{ lk6\g] klg c? sf]xL geP/ ToxL ;dfhsL k|efb]jL nfdf x'g\ . dfglj/nfO{ xTof ug]{ klg pxL ;dfhsf slyt pkNnf] hft elgg] dfgaxfb'/ zfxL / bLks zfxL x'g\ eg] dfof ljsnfO{ lg3f{t lk6\g] klg pxL ;dfhsf clrts'df/ >]i7 / cf/wgf >]i7 x'g clg ;'lgtfnfO{ lk6\g] klg c? sf]xL geP/ pgs} ;xf]b/ efO alxgL 1fg]Gb| tyf vf]ds'df/L x'g\ . bf/]rf]s lrtjgsL lbndfof v8\sfnfO{ af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k nufP/ d/0ff;Gg cj:yf eO~h]n lk6] kl5 pxL ;dfhn] Ps nfv @% xhf/ ;xof]u ;lxt bf];Nnf cf]9fP/ ;Ddfg t uof]{ . dfglj/sf] xTof kl5 ePsf] rsf]{ lj/f]wn] dfglj/sf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] !) nfvsf] zfxL kl/jf/nfO{ pkxf/;lxt lkl8tnfO{ Ifltk"lt{n] ;/sf/n] lg0f{o t u¥of] clg dfof ljsnfO{ lk6\g]nfO{ sf/jfxL ug]{ ;/sf/n] t eGof] xf]nf pgLx?n] Tof] ;dfhnfO{ cfd dfkmL klg lbP xf]nfg\ t/ pgLx?sf] dg leqsf] lk8f TolQ~h]n lhpFb} /x]g]5 ha;Dd pgLx? o; ;+;f/df ;dflhs kl/jt{gsf] qmd x]l//xg]5g\ . lj/f6gu/sL cfzfb]jLnfO{ klg ;Ddfg ;lxt Ifltk"lt{ t lbOPnf t/ pgn] eGg] u/]sf] k|;+unfO{ eg] ;dfhn] slxn] pQ/ b]nf clg ;'lgtfnfO{ klg ;/sf/ pkrf/ t ul/b]nf t/ pgL h:t} ;dfhdf af]S;Lsf] gfddf lkl6g] dlxnfx?nfO{ slxn] d'lQm lbg] xf] . dnfO{ nfU5 olb pgnfO{ ;dfhn] ;Ddfg u¥of] eg] pgLx?n] olt dfq eGg] 5g\ –xfdL dfkmL t lbpFnf t/ of] qmd slxn];Dd /lx/xg] < of] k|Zgsf] pQ/ ;dfhn] slxn] b]nf / slxn]b]lv Psn j[4f cfdfx?n] eo/lxt jftfj/0fdf afFRg] < blntsf] cf/f]kdf slt~h]n lk6fO vfO/xg] < xfdLn] slxn];Dd gofF o'usf] b}nfdf] cfdfsf] cfF;' x]l//xg] < hj;Dd ;dfhn] o;sf] pQ/ vf]Hb}g ta;Dd ;dfhdf cfdfx? af]S;L / blntsf] cf/f]kdf lkl6g 5f]8\g] 5}gg\ .

/fhgLlts kl/jt{g hlQsf] ;xh 5}g ;fdflhs kl/jt{g . ;dfhdf /x]sf k/Dk/fjfbL ;f]rnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{ w]/} hl6n 5 . dWo o'ub]lv ;dfhdf h/f uf8]/ a;]sf ;fdflhs s';+:sf/x?nfO{ kl/jt{g u/fpg TolQ ;lhnf] klg 5}g . km]l/ hj ;Dd k/Dk/fjfbL ;f]rdf kl/jt{g cfpFb}g ta;Dd ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0f klg x'g ;Sb}g . /fhgLlts r]tgf hufpg hlt ;lhnf] 5 t/ TolQ g} sl7g 5 ;fdflhs r]tgf hufpg . cfk;L ;Ddfgsf] efjgfsf] ljsf; hj;Dd x'Fb} ta;Dd ;dfhdf ljBdfg /x]sf] jlu{o rl/qn] 7fpF lnO/xG5 . ha;Dd jlu{o rl/qsf] xfjL /xG5 o:tf cf/f]k k|Tof/f]ksf] qmd klg /f]lsb}g . olb of] qmd /f]lsPg eg] cfzfb]jLx? cem} klg lkl6g jfWo x'g]5g / dfglj/x? dg{ jfWo x'g]5g\ . /fhgLltnfO{ rfx]sf] cg'?k n}hfg hlt ;lhnf] 5 TolQmg} ufx|f] x'G5 ;dflhs kl/jt{g u/fpg . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df t emg ;dfhsf] kl/jg{g ug{ w]/} g} ufx|f] 5 . dWo o'ub]lv g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ ;'Dk]sf ;fdflhs ;+ls0f{tfnfO{ TolQ ;lhn} lr/]/ cufl8 hfg ufx|f] 5 . hj ;Dd cfd ;dfhsf gful/sx?df kl/jt{gsf] efjgf hfUb}g ta;Dd Tof] c;Dejk|fo 5 . ;fdflhs kl/jt{g Pp6fn] ubf{ x'g] ljifo xf]Og o;df t ;dfhsf ;a} ;b:osf] plQs} xft /x]sf] x'G5 . g]kfnL ;dfhdf blaP/ /x]sf] ?9LjfbL ;f]rn] cj;/ kfpg] ljlQs} Jojxfl/s hLjgdf k|j]z ul/xfN5 . To;}n] klg /fhgLlts kl/jt{g h:tf] ;xh eg] x'Gg ;fdflhs kl/jt{g .

of] u0ftGqsf] b}nfdf cfdfx?sf] cfF;' b]Vg' eg]sf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf nflu sd r'gf}tL eg] xf]Og . xf]nf o; ;dfhn] pgLx? ;dIf dfkmL dfu]/ Pp6f sk8fn] z/L/ 5f]lklbP/ cvaf/sf kfgfx?df bf];Nnf cf]8fPsf] blnt t k:s]nf t/ cfdfx?sf dgleq k'u]sf] rf]6nfO{ sbfkL klg 5f]Kg ;Sg] 5}g . xf]nf cfdfx?n] dfkmL t lbg'xf]nf t/ cfdfx?sf] cGt/cfTdfn] dfu]sf] pQ/ ;dfhn] lbg ;Sb}g . of] qmd lxhf] cfzfb]jL / d/0fLb]jL lkl6bf klg lyof], c:tL ;/:jtLnfO{ lk6\bf klg lyof] / cfh dfof ljsnfO{ lk6\bf, dfglj/ ;'gf/nfO{ dfbf{  / ;'lgtf k'8f;}gLsf] cfFvf k'm6fpbf klg /lx/x]sf] 5 . /, ef]nL c? b]jLx? lkl6bf / c? lj/x? dfl/bf klg /lx/xg] 5 . v} slxn] x'G5 ;fdflhs kl/jt{g <