Ricefish

cfTdlge{/ / cfo cfh{gsf nflu /fO;lkm;

hLjg zdf{

g]kfndf a]/f]huf/ / j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg] ;+Vof TolQa]nf;Dd/lx/xg]5 5 hlt a]nf;Dd :jb]zdf ;fgf] nufgLaf6 eP klg cfTdlge{/, /f]huf/L / cfo cfh{gsf nflu s]lx ul/b}g . hj;Dd ;f]rdf kl/jt{g cfpb}g tj;Dd of] ;d:of h:tfsf] t:t} /lx/xg]5 . olb j]/f]huf/ JolQm, j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg] JolQm / ;/sf/ ldn]/ ;fg} nufgLaf6 klg oxfF cfo cfh{g / cfTdlge{/ aGg ;lsg] cj:yf gePsf] xf]Og . t/ xfd|f /fhg}lts kf6L{sf g]tfx?n] ho / ljho tyf lhGbfafb / d'bf{afbsf gf/f p/fNg nfpb} cfˆgf] kl5 kl5 hgftfnfO{ lx8fpg 5f]8\g'k5{ clg xfdL g]kfnL hgtfn] klg ;:tf To:tf gf/faf6 k|jflxt x'g 5f8]/ s]xL ug]{ ;f]r /fVg'k5{ . g]kfn Pp6f o:tf] b]z xf] hxfF jiff}{;Ddsf nflu g]kfnL hgtfn] cfTdlge{/ afFRg TolQsl7g x'g] 5}g . oxfF ko{6g, s[lif / ljB'tdf dfq nufgL u/]/ ljsf; ug]{ xf] eg] g]kfnL hgtfn] j]/f]huf/ / cfly{s cefjn] ylng' kb}{g . To; dWo] klg s[lif If]qsf] Pp6f e/ kbf]{ dfWod xf] /fO; lkm; h;af6 xfdL $) k|ltzt g]kfnL hgtf cfTdlge{/ eP/ afFRg ;S5f}+ .

s] xf] /fO; lkm; <

/fO; lkm; Pp6f Plss[t s[lif k|0ffnL sf] Pp6f :j?k xf] . hf] O08f]g]l;of, rLg tyf hfkfgaf6 cfPsf] Pp6f cjwf/0ff;lxtsf] ;kmn Joj;fo xf] . wfgjfnL ;Fu} bf]xf]/f] kmfObfsf nflu df5f;d]tnfO{ Pp6} 7fpFaf6 bf]xf]/f] cfDbfgLsf nflu ul/g] ;/n s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{ /fO; lkm; elgG5 . cyf{t ;Dd k/]sf] wfgjf/Ldf ls;fgx?sf] >d Go"lgs/0f ub}{ a9L eGbf a9L kmfObfsf nflu ;f]xL :yfgdf df5f klg nufOG5 . o;/L nufOPsf df5fx? Wfg;Fu} laqmLsf nflu tof/ x'G5g\ . The ricefishes are a family (Adrianichthyidae) of small ray-finned fish that are found in fresh and brackish waters from India to Japan and out into the Indo-Australian Archipelago, most notably Sulawesi. The common name of the group derives from the fact that many species are found in Japanese rice paddies.^[1] About 27 species, some extremely rare and endangered, and some 2-4 may already be extinct.

Wffg /f]k]sf] @ xKtf kl5 df5fsf e'/fx? Wfg v]tdf nufOG5 o;/L df5f 5f]8L;s] kl5 ls;fgx?n] wfg uf]l8/xg' kb}{g . lsgeg] sdgsfk{ gfds df5fn] df6f] vf]tNg] ePsf] x'Fbf p;}n] uf]8\5 . o;/L df5fn] g} wfg uf]l8lbg] x'gfn] df5fsf] uf]8fO{ dfG5] cfkm}n] uf]8]sf] eGbf a9L k|efjsf/L x'G5 . wfgjf/Ldf df5f nufP kl5 ls;fgn] wfg uf]8\g] emGem6 af6 cfkm"nfO{ d'Qm /fV5 eg] cfDbfgLdf klg !% b]lv @) k|ltzt wfgsf] pTkfbgdf j[l4 x'G5 . otf p;sf df5fsf] cfDbfgL t 5Fb}5 . df5fsf nflu rf/f] xfln/fVg klg h?/L x'Fb}g . o;/L nufOPsf df5fx? K|lt /f]kgL wfgv]tdf #) b]lv $) s]hL;Dd df5f pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 . h;n] ubf{ ls;fgx?sf] cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t t dha't x'G5 g} otf /fli6«o cfDbfgLdf klg ;sf/fTds e"ldsf v]Nb5 .

g]kfndf /fO; lkm;sf] ;Defjgf

g]kfndf # nfv (* xhf/ x]S6/ hldgdf l;rfOsf] ;'ljwf ePsf] wfg v]t /x]sf] 5 . o:tf] v]tjf/LdWo] xfn s/Lj =)! k|ltzt dfq} cyf{t !)) x]S6/ hldgdf dfq} /fO;lkm; ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . afFsL #nfv (& xhf/ ()) x]S6/ hldg TolQ s} v]/ uO/x]sf] 5 . olb l;+lrt If]qsf] %) k|ltzt efudf dfq} /fO; lkm; ug]{ xf] eg] #% b]lv  $) k|ltzt df5f / wfg b]zsf] dfunfO{ k"lt{ u/]/ ljb]zdf laqmL ug{ ;lsG5 . xfn b]zsf] s/Lj *) k|ltzt df5fsf] dfusf] cfk"lt{ :jb]zaf6} eO/x]sf] eP klg afFsL @) k|ltzt dfu k"lt{ ug{sf nflu ef/tLo ahf/ hfg'kg]{ jfWotf 5 . ptf pTYkflbt wfgaf6 klg b]z lge{/ x'g;Sg] cj:yf 5}g .

g]kfndf /fO; lkm;sf] cjwf/0ff @)@*÷@( ;fnb]lv g} cfPsf] xf] . t/ $ bzs ljlt;Sbf klg o;nfO{ ;sf/fTds ;f]r/fv]/ cl3 a9fpg ;ls/x]sf] cj:yf5}g . @)$^ ;fn;Dd b]zsf] Joj:yfsf] sf/0f klg b]zn] ljsf; ug{ ;s]g, @)$^ b]lv )%!;fn;Dd;:tf /fhg}lts efif0f afhLn] b]zdf s]xL x'g ;s]g . )%!b]lv )^@;Dd b]zdf ePsf] o'4n] s[lif If]qnfO{ 7"n} c;/ kf¥of] . )^# b]v xfn;Dd cfˆgf cfˆgf :jfy{sf 8Dk"m ahfpb} b]zsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;do 3s]{/ uof] . To;} s[lif ;DefjgfnfO{ ulxl/P/ ;fg]lrlbg] sf]xL ePg . To;n] ubf{ of] Joj;fo klg lbgsf lbg w/f;foL aGb} uof] . Pstfsf #)) x]S6/ ;Dd /fO; lkm; nufOPtf klg xfn cfP/ !)) x]S6/df l;ldt ePsf] 5. t/ cem} klg ;do 3ls{;s]sf] 5}g . ;Defjgf lhpFb} 5 ug{ ;s] b]z / hgtfn] cfly{s pGgltsf nflu cflQxfNg' kg]{ cj:yf rfFxL 5}g .

jf}l4s JolQmTjx?sf nflu klg dT:o kfng

rLg, hfkfg, O08f]g]l;of, lkmlnlkG; h:tf b]zx?n] jif]{gL /fO; lkm; / dT:o kfng Joj;foaf6 c/jf}+ 8n/ cfDbfgL u5{g\ . To;df klg rLgn] t ;fO; lkm;sf] dfWodaf6 olt w]/} cfDbfgL u5{ h'g xfd|f nflu syf dfq x'G5 . rLgsf] pGglt ljZj d}+ p2fx/0fLo 5 . leotgfd s} s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] klg ToxfF hDdf &))) x]S6/ 7fpFdf df5f kflnG5 . pgLx?n] Tof] &))) x]S6/ If]qaf6 pTkfbg u/]sf] df5faf6 b]zsf] df5fsf] dfunfO{ k"lt{ u/]/ billions dollaors sf] export u5{g\ . ToxfF k|lt /f]kgL !) d]l6«s 6g df5f pTkfbg x'G5 . hDdf ( dlxgfsf] ;dodf !) d]l6«s 6g pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] l;jZjsf] Pp6fdfq Joj;fo df5f xf] . xfdLn] k|lt /f]kgLsf] @)) sf b/ lx;fj ubf{ klg @) nfv cfDbfgL Ps /f]kgL hldgaf6 x'Fb} cfPsf] b]lvG5 . kfgL df5fn] vfP/ l;Wofpg] rLh xf]Og ToxL 7fpFsf] kfgL k|of]u u/]/ l;+rfO{ hn ljB't nufotsf If]qdf pgLx?n] k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\ .

g]kfndf #nfv (* xhf/ x]S6/ l;+lrt hldg  -wfg v]tLsf] l;+lrt hldg dfq_ 5 . !%&)) x]S6/ 3f]n If]q 5 , &* xhf/ x]S6/  hnfzo 5, # nfv &% xhf/ x]S6/ gbL If]q 5, xhf/f}+ x]S6/ hldg t gx/, s'nf] cflbn] cf]u6]sf] 5 .  oL ;a} If]qdf dT:o kfng ug]{ xf] eg] b]zsf] s'n hg;+Vofsf] s/Lj $*.& k|ltzt hgtfnfO{ cfly{s ?kdf cfTd lge{/ agfpg ;lsG5 . xfn hDdf g]kfnsf] s'n hn;|f]tsf] s/Lj @ k|ltzt If]kmndf dfq df5f kfng ub}{ cfP klg b]zsf] s'n df5fsf] dfunfO{ *) k|ltzt k"lt{ ug{ ;kmn 5 eg] s/Lj )=&% k|ltzt hgtfx? Cfly{s ?kn] cfTd lge{/ ePsf 5g\ . dT:o kfng Joj;foaf6 dfq} oxfFsf] s'n cy{tGqsf] s/La #@ k|ltzt Jojef/ Joxfg{ ;Sg] cj:yf 5 .

dT:o kfng Pp6f c;fWo} ;/n / ;xh Joj;fo xf] . t/ of] clns j}1flgs / jf}l4s tl/sfn] ;~rfng ug{" kg]{ b]lvG5 . b]zsflzlIft hgzlQm / hf] a]/f]huf/ 5g p;sf nflu c;fWo} pkof]uL Joj;fo xf] . sd >d / a9L >f]qdf sfd ug{ ;lsg] Joj;fo dWo]sf] of] Pp6f pTs[i7 Joj;fo xf] . Ps JolQmn] % ljufxf hldgdf PSn} df5f kfng ug{ ;S5 . p;sf] lbgel/sf] ;dosf] cf}ift % 306f ;do g} % ljufxf hldgsf nflu sfkmL x'G5 . afFsL & 306f p;sf] ;do k'm:{b d}+ ljT5 . o;df s] ;d:of 5}g eg] df5fnfO{ @÷$lbg rf/f] gxfNbf klg lalu|xfNg] cj:yf cfpb}g . lsgeg] df5f kfgL s]xL vf]h]/ vfP/ afFRg] k|f0fL xf] . o; aLrdf p;n] afFr]sf] ;dodf cGo sfd ug{ ;S5. hDdfkf]v/Lsf] #) k|ltzt e"–efu l8nn] cf]u6\g] x'Fbf p;n] pQm vfnL 7fpFdf s'v'/f, xfF;, t/sf/L v]tL, pv', d]jf, ;'kf/L, s]/f h:tf jfnLx? Klg nufpg ;S5 . Ps JolQmn] s[lif hGo cGo v]tL ug]{ xf] eg] s/Lj #/f]kgL hldg dfq} x]g{ Eofp5 . otf df5f kfng ubf{ &) /f]kgL hldg PSn}n] x]g{ Eofp5 . To;}n] af}l4s JolQmsf nflu klg ;/n / ;xh Joj;fo xf] dT:o kfng .

g]kfndf lsg km:6fPg df5f kfng <

@)@# ;fndf !! j6f dT:o ljsf; lgb]{zgfnosf] :yfkgf eP klg ;f]r] cg'?ksf] ljsf; x'g ;s]g . km:6fcf]; klg s;/L < s[lifdf hDdfs'n ah]6sf] #k|ltzt ah]6 hfG5 . Tof # k|ltzt ah]6sf] !=@k|ltzt jh]6 dfq  dT:o ljsf;sf nflu hfG5 . !=@k|ltzt jh]6n] lgb]{zgfnox? afFRg' afx]s c? s]xL ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . t/ klg *) k|ltzt df5fsf] dfunfO{ ;xh cfk'lt{ ug{ ;Sg' /fd|} s'/f xf] . b]zdf ljleGg NGO tyf INGO x? sfo{/t 5g\ t/ s;}sf] cfFvf $) k|ltzt hgtfnfO{ cfly{s ?kdf cfTdlge{/ agfpg ;lsg] If]q lt/ df]l8Psf] 5}g eg] ;/sf/sf] klg o; If]qdf nufgL w]/} b]lvb}g . ;fFRr} ;f}t]nf] Jojxf/ ul/G5 dT:o ljsf;nfO{ . s[lif dGqfnon] x]g'{ kg]{ ljefu eP klg dT:o ljefunfO{ jftfj/0f dGqfnon] x]b}{ cfPsf] 5 . To;/L klg pef] nfUg ;s]g g]kfndf dT:o kfng Joj;fo . TolQx'Fbf x'Fb} klg dT:o ljsf;n] t/fO{ / kxf8sf ls;fgx?nfO{ kf]v/L lgdf{0fdf %) k|ltzt cg'bfg / df5fsf e'/f lgz''Ns pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

cGTodf

hldg 5}g eg]/ nfv nfv vr]{/ ljb]z hfO xfNg' kg]{ cj:yf 5}g g]kfndf . ljb]z hfg] nfv ?k}ofF k};fn] s/Lj % /f]kgL hldgdf df5fsf e'/f;lxtsf]  kfgLsf] kf]v/L agfpg ;lsG5 . ;/b/ g]kfnL;Fu % /f]kgL hldg 5 . ;f] hldgsf] # /f]kgL hnf;on] cf]u6\5 eg] afFsL @/f]kgLdf cGo jfnL nufP/ klg cfg/fdn] cfly{s pGglt ;lxt cfTd lge{/ aGg ;lsG5 . df5fdf clxn];Dds'g} To:tf] ;d:of cfPsf] 5}g dfq} kfgLdf clS;hgsf] dfqf ldnfpg ;Sg' k5{ . Ps k6ssf] nufgLdf lgld{t kf]v/L nfdf] ;do ;Dd /lx/xg] x'gfn] kl5Nnf jif{sf cfDbfgLx?n] JolQm cfDbfgLdf Hofldlto b/ j[l4 u/fpFb} n}hfG5 .

b]zn] klg To:tf] ;d:of em]Ng' kg]{ cj:yf 5}g . xfd|f hnf;ox?nfO{ dfq ef8fdf JolQmnfO{ lbg] xf] / ToxfF df5f kfng ug]{ xf] eg] c/jf}+ 8n/ xfdL klg /fd|/L sdfpg ;S5f}+ . xfdLnfO{ ;f]rdf kl/jt{g cfof] / nugzLn x'g ;Sof}+ eg] ljb]zL ;xof]usf] cfjZostf kl/xfNg] cj:yf 5}g . s[lif, ko{6g / ljB'tdf xfdL hgtf s} k};f Pp6f lglZrt Johb/df lnP/ nufgL ug{ ;S5f}+ h;sf] pTkfbg hgtfdf g} lbP/ cfly{s ?kn] ;jn aGg ;S5f}+ .

k|ltlqmof

;/ of] d]/f] @) cf}+ n]v xf] hgcfJxfgsf nflu